TL;DR: I manually created a GCE instance (8 vCPU, 30 GB RAM, 100 GB SSD) in the Google Web Console and installed Spark, Cassandra and tested a spark-submit geotrellis ingest command of a NetCDF climate file into the Cassandra database, using a a current GeoTrellis 0.10.0-SNAPSHOT with Cassandra support.
Some thoughts on the process
Initially I had only provided driver memory of 3 GB, because I started first experiments on my laptop. The NetCDF file to ingest at first was “only” 1.8 GB, but my local Spark run would always abort and say I don’t have sufficient space on my HDD. Maybe it was a RAM issue? So I tried with
--conf spark.shuffle.consolidateFiles=true but it didn’t change anything.
So I created the Google Compute Engine instance, with 8 vCpu, 30 GB RAM and a 100 GB local SSD. Then I re-iterated the whole lot of install and config manually, to see what needs to be done etc.
I particularly struggled long time with the GDAL Java bindings until I realised, that the Spark workers / executors also need to know the LD_LIBRARY-PATH or -Djava-library.path for the native lbraries. So in the meantime I also compiled the whole GDAL stack to manually create the GDAL Java bindings, to then compile and link GeoTrellis Gdal modules gainst this local install. Not sure if that’s actually necessary.
I configured sort of a stand-alone Spark cluster, with starting the local master
sbin/start-master.sh and starting two workers with ..bin/spark-class org.apache.spark.deploy.worker.Worker spark://127.0.0.1:7077 >> worker1.log &
I installed an Nginx reverse proxy to see the spark master web console.
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
This GCE instance would cost roughly 200 USD per month. So for the fun of it I cannot afford to have it running all the time. Presumably the whole run incl. installation, compile times, ingests and then benchmark as of now took me maybe already 10-20 hours, which would amount to about 20 USD, if I don’t push it much further. For a company it’s peanuts, for s student it’s still great though to be as resourceful as possible.
The actual ingest complained also about not having enough memory to cache RRDs. I now believe, that this is because I forgot to eliminate the driver and executor memory limits of 3 GB which came from my lapt top tests. Those spark-submit cmdlines grow really long parameter lists. However, in the second run of the ingest I was more careful, but the same messages appeared sometimes:
[Stage 4:=================================================================> (23 + 1) / 24]
11:02:11 MemoryStore: Not enough space to cache rdd_10_23 in memory! (computed 648.7 MB so far)
The second ingest took a bout 30 minutes.
The data size in Cassandra increased a lot.
user1@cloud-instance1:~$ du -sh apache-cassandra-2.1.7/data/*
4.0G apache-cassandra-2.1.7/data/commitlog
15G apache-cassandra-2.1.7/data/data\
396K apache-cassandra-2.1.7/data/saved_caches
BTW, Cassandra determined its own memory requirements. And as it was written somewhere beyond 8GB heap garbage collection in cassandra becomse a real problem. But
ps -ef shows ` -Xms7540M -Xmx7540M` which seems good (based on the machine with 30 GB RAM overall)
After the second ingest, I could try to run the benchmark and every two to five seconds
top would basically switch between these two views:
… much Cassandra (a short burst)
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2476 user1 20 0 12.029g 6.373g 30160 S 800.0 21.6 89:14.95 java (i.e. Cassandra)
4572 user1 20 0 12.633g 614064 34084 S 1.0 2.0 0:12.81 java (i.e. geotrellis spark driver)
2030 user1 20 0 3515344 256996 7284 S 0.7 0.8 0:24.71 java (spark master)
2145 user1 20 0 3450064 235220 7244 S 0.3 0.8 0:20.30 java (spark worker)
2264 user1 20 0 3450064 223608 7204 S 0.3 0.7 0:20.33 java (spark worker)
… no Cassndra, but also the spark workers don’t have much to do.
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2030 user1 20 0 3515344 256996 7284 S 0.7 0.8 0:25.20 java (i.e. Cassandra)
4572 user1 20 0 12.633g 616512 34084 S 0.7 2.0 0:14.03 java (i.e. geotrellis spark driver)
2145 user1 20 0 3450064 235220 7244 S 0.3 0.8 0:20.73 java (spark worker)
2264 user1 20 0 3450064 223608 7204 S 0.3 0.7 0:20.76 java (spark worker)
After maybe half an hour, the driver program ran with about 100% CPU, presumably doing the actual first run of benchmarking. First result appeared another 2000 seconds later…
12:12:28 CasBenchmark$: YEARLY AVERAGE OF DIFFERENCES ArraySeq((2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-5.742096174281091),
(2040-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-4.082999541556946), (2022-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-6.916643693113496),
(2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-0.12434280860278991), (2032-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-2.076048279608781),
(2037-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-3.251362344770221), (2016-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-2.9338103677725176),
(2008-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-4.526800691703725), (2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-4.444756317590644),
(2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-1.7933621930024923), (2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,1.8317703519666457),
(2030-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-11.56568235966663), (2029-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-5.528298940438058),
(2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,8.163989162639911), (2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-0.05441557471953986),
(2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-2.6361151595649175), (2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-2.2866075483874537),
(2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-3.5406655772197655), (2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-5.0540570398991695),
(2036-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-2.0227119828134787), (2023-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-2.6087549888935255),
(2028-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-9.611160488520209), (2035-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-6.24592506571773),
(2027-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-4.980359765178967), (2009-01-01T00:00:00.000Z,-1.114338171308529),
...
12:12:28 CasBenchmark$: Benchmark: {type: MultiModel-localSubtract-Average,
name: philadelphia, layers: List(Layer(name = "tasmaxrcp60ccsm4", zoom = 3), Layer(name = "tasmaxrcp60ccsm420", zoom = 3))} in 2050063 ms
The calculated data I realised later, was not really meaningful. However, the setup is going in the right direction :-)
Future work
Concluding, something is really slow it seems. Rob from Azavea has mentioned that before, too.
For GeoTrellis already exists an AWS EC2 Cluster deployment project and the Cassandra integration is being developed. Hmm, I should test that actually :-)
Furthermore, based on some, I’d call them relevant, technology leaders’ information on Spark with Mesos on GCE, Mesosphere or Docker e.g.
- Datastax Deployment on GCE
- Typesafe Spark Kafka Cassandra Akka on Mesos
- Mesosphere Cassandra on Mesos
- Cake Solutions Cassandra Mesos Docker
… it’ll be certainly intriguing to get larger GeoTrellis Cassandra Spark clusters up and an running with those automagical mass deployment tools together, e.g. with Mesos, not necessarily with Docker, on the Google Cloud Platform.
However, as someone nicely pointed out
quote start
What about other deploy modes?
- Local mode: OK for testing, but you can also just run standalone mode with one or two workers on your laptop.
- EC2 scripts: A convenience for frequently bring up / shutting down spark, which is probably not what you’re doing if you’re co-installing spark with cassandra.
- YARN: Don’t do this unless you have a YARN cluster already
- Mesos: Don’t do this unless:
- you have a Mesos cluster already AND
- need fine-grained sharing of CPU resources, AND
- like looking through twice as many developer mailing lists when something doesn’t work the way you expect.
quote end
yeah, right
